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Peru:
'sensational' Inca find for British team in Andes
Lima,
A British team of archaeologists on expedition in the Peruvian
Andes has hailed as "sensational" the discovery of some of the
most sacred objects in the Inca civilisation – three "ancestor
stones", which were once believed to form a precious link
between the heavens and the underworld.
The find, which was made on an
isolated Andean mountainside, provoked joy among local
specialists and the experts present from, among others, the
British Museum, Reading University and Royal Holloway,
University of London. No examples of the stones were thought to
have survived until now.
"It was a very moving moment,"
said Dr Colin McEwan, the British Museum's head of the Americas,
as he recalled seeing the stones for the first time.
According to
The Observer, Dr Frank Meddens, research associate of Royal
Holloway, who was also on the expedition, said they had "danced
a little jig on top of the mountain" after discovering the
objects that they had only read about in 16th-century Spanish
documents.
The Incas would have been just as
overawed. The conical-shaped stones were among the most
significant items in Inca society and religion. Key elements in
ritual events, they were thought to facilitate a connection
between different realms of the world – the celestial and the
underworld of the ancestors – with the Inca king, as the divine
ruler, acting as intermediary. And they were considered more
precious than gold.
"This is a whole new category of
object. It is nothing short of sensational," said McEwan of the
three stones in red and white Andesite, a hard, granite-like
rock, which were excavated some 2.5 metres beneath an Inca stone
platform. The platform too was recently excavated and is a
structure of distinctive stonework that once symbolised the
imperial control of conquered territories.
The site – at Incapirca Waminan –
is one of 20 undocumented high-altitude Inca ceremonial
platforms explored by the archaeologists around the Ayacucho
basin. Such sites were potent imperial symbols of religious and
political authority as the Incas expanded outwards from Cuzco, a
sacred city of temples and palaces in the central Peruvian
Andes.
Ancestor stones represented
deities, ancestors and the sun, and were imbued with supreme
symbolic significance. They were greeted with incomprehension by
Spanish chroniclers of the early 16th century, who
sacrilegiously likened their shape to sugar loaves, pineapples
and bowling pins. The insult, however, was returned: when the
16th-century Inca ruler Atahualpa was shown a copy of the Bible
by the Conquistadors, he reacted with similar contempt.
According to Spanish sources, the
stones were used in public solar rituals, sometimes draped in
gold cloth and paraded. One witness wrote: "The stones… were
held to be blessed and sacred."
Symbols of the ancestral essence
of the Inca king, the objects were placed on display when the
supreme leader was absent from Cuzco, the capital of the Inca
people, in an attempt to demonstrate the perpetual presence and
his power. The Incas believed their king to be a living god who
ruled by divine right.
As the Incas had no system of
writing, the significance of the archaeologists' unprecedented
find is reinforced by the identification of ancestor stones in
the decoration of a unique 16th-century Inca vessel (cocha) in
the British Museum. Spanning 50cm in diameter, it bears a carved
scene showing a central solar disc and two kneeling figures with
their hands clasped as they honour an ancestor stone. They are
flanked on either side by an Inca king and queen and high-ranking
lords.
The Incas created a huge empire
that stretched more than 2,400 miles along the length of the
Andes and whose economy was based on taxed labour, with its
people farming and herding animals, working in mines and
producing goods such as clothing and pottery.
The sites for ceremonial platforms
were chosen for their vistas of the snow-capped peaks, which
were worshipped as mountain deities. It was at such sites that
the Incas sacrificed children – the ceremony of capacocha – at
moments of potential instability.
These structures also had sacred
central spaces known as the ushnu, with a vertical opening into
"the body of the earth" into which libations such as maize beer
were poured. The ushnu platforms served as a stage from which
the Inca king and his lords could preside over seasonal
festivals and ceremonies.
Source
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=LFgAbQUyFbU=
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